direct replication psychology

False Statement(s) Direct replication studies use the same variables as the original study but operationalize them in different ways. There are different types of replication. In a direct replication, the new In the aggregate, 10 effects replicated consistently. The alleged crisis and the illusion of exact replication. make a compelling case for the necessity of direct replication in psychological science. Example of direct replication and conceptual replication of Asch's conformity experiment. Though 97% of the original studies produced statistically significantresults, only 36% of the replication studies did so (Open Science Collaboration, 2015). In their survey of social science journal editors , Neuliep & Crandall [ 42 ] found almost three quarters preferred to publish novel findings rather than replications. Psychology faces a replication crisis. A final development is the growing practice of prominent journals to publish independent direct replication results, including replication results inconsistent with those originally published by the journal (e.g., Psychological Science, Psychonomic, Bulletin,& Review, Journal of Research in Personality, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology . The replication crisis (also called the replicability crisis and the reproducibility crisis) is an ongoing methodological crisis in which it has been found that the results of many scientific studies are difficult or impossible to reproduce.Because the reproducibility of empirical results is an essential part of the scientific method, such failures undermine the credibility of theories . The replication of a target experiment must be direct (as truthful as possible to the target experiment), performed by independent researchers not In 2011, the Open Science Collaboration ( 2015) launched a large-scale project - the so-called "Reproducibility Project" - in which they attempted 100 direct replications of experimental and correlational studies in . Replication studies are broadly classified as: Exact or Direct replications- Direct replication is the repetition of an experimental procedure to the exact degree as possible. Last week at APS (the Association for Psychological Science 2014 annual meeting) I heard colleagues—often personal friends—characterized as either methodological simpletons or inscrutable bullies. The replication of a target experiment must be direct (as truthful as possible to the target experiment), performed by independent researchers not If an effect is reliable, any competent researcher should be able to obtain it when using the same procedures with adequate statistical power. Direct replication is useful for establishing that the findings of the original study are reliable (see reliability). Researchers often value other types of replication studies as supplements to direct replication studies. As Machery clarifies, "as a first approximation, a replication is direct if and only if it aims to be identical to an original experiment save for its sample of participants" (546). The two latest examples are widely cited papers from 1988 and 1998. More broadly, this study demonstrates the importance of direct replication for establishing the robustness of results. Reproducibility is the cornerstone of science. In this module we discuss reasons for non . Abstract. cussion of replication theory with replication practice, elimi-nated Lykken's (1968) literal replication (because it essentially requires the original investigator to gather data from additional participants) and reframed the latter two types as direct and conceptual replications. Once a study has been conducted, researchers might be interested in determining if the results . This research tested variation in the replicability of 13 classic and contemporary effects across 36 independent samples totaling 6,344 participants. This research tested variation in the replicability of 13 classic and contemporary effects across 36 independent samples totaling 6,344 participants. Whilst replication is often casually referred to as a cornerstone of the scientific method, direct replication studies (as they might be understood from Schmidt or Gómez, Juristo, and Vegas's typologies above) are a rare event in the published literature of some scientific disciplines, most notably the life and social sciences. We conducted a large-scale, collaborative effort to obtain an initial estimate of the reproducibility of psychological science. Replication is described by many as the cornerstone of scientific progress, and the issue has been discussed extensively in the blogosphere of late. when specifying AOIs), improving (e.g. I build on their arguments by underscoring the necessity of direct implication for two domains of clinical psychological science: the evaluation of psychotherapy outcome and the construct validity of psychological measures. If the study gets the same result twice (or more), we say that the study's findings are replicable. direct replication. Where we did deviate from the procedure as described in the original paper, the changes aimed at approximating (e.g. and is designed to generalize across the same variations as the original. The Replication Crisis Is Not Over. Notably, we held methods and materials constant across these populations to allow for direct replication (Simons, 2014). The present study attempted to closely replicate Roberts, Smith, Jackson, and Edmonds (2009) who found, in part, a compensatory effect such that individuals with spouses higher in conscientiousness reported higher self-rated health and fewer physical limitations in the Health and Retirement Study. Most participants agreed that replications are important in psychology, should be conducted and published more often, and should be adequately funded. Recently, the science of psychology has come under criticism because a number of research findings do not replicate. Nahari, Vrij, and Fischer [(2014b), "Applied Cognitive Psychology," 28, 122-128] found that, when participants were forewarned that their statements would be checked for verifiable details, truth tellers gave much more verifiable details than liars. (Psychological Science has a preregistered direct replication submission option!) Direct replication is the only way to correct such errors. Definition: As 'direct replication' does not have a widely-agreed technical meaning nor there is no clear cut distinction between a direct and conceptual replication, below we list several contributions towards a consensus.Rather than debating the 'exactness' of a replication, it is more helpful to discuss the relevant differences between a replication and its target, and their . and average effect size in a sample of 68 meta-analyses from 13 preregistered multilab direct replication projects in social and cognitive psychology. Figure 3.19: Example of direct replication and conceptual replication of Asch's conformity experiment. Psychology's Reproducibility Project. There's some gray area in what constitutes the same target generalization. Although replication is an important part of the science of psychology, many of the incentives in the field do not encourage replication studies (e.g., Nosek, Spies, & Motyl, 2012). Recently, experimental psychologists have been thinking a lot about how to do research in such a way that their findings can be replicated. Why might . That is changing. The research included all 68 pre-registered multi-lab direct replication projects in social and cognitive psychology up to now. In a direct replication, the new research team essentially seeks to duplicate the sampling and experimental procedures of the original research by following the same "experimental recipe" provided in the methods section of the original publication. People on all sides of the recent push for direct replication—a push I find both charming and naive—are angry. The debate built following failures to replicate studies on priming by John Bargh, and on 'anomalous retroactive influences' by Daryl Bem. An analysis of the publication history in the top 100 psychology journals between 1900 and 2012 indicated that approximately 1.6% of all psychology publications were replication attempts. Direct: Experimental Psychology (Patil et al., 2016) Using reported data from the Open Science Collaboration (2015) replication study in psychology, reanalyzed the results: 77% of the studies replicated by comparing the original effect size to an estimated 95% CI of the replication. In science, replication is the process of repeating research to determine the extent to which findings generalize across time and across situations. if there were any threats to internal validity or flaws in construct validity in the original study, such threats would be repeated in the direct replication too. However, journals were reluctant to publish replication failures. Like several other new . Preregistered Direct Replication of "Sick Body, Vigilant Mind: The Biological Immune System Activates the Behavioral Immune System" Joshua M. Tybur1,2, Benedict C. Jones3,4, Lisa M. DeBruine3, Joshua M. Ackerman5, and Vanessa Fasolt3 1Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; 2Institute of Brain Here's a useful discussion paper that is critical of the feasibility of direct replication (see attachment): Stroebe, W., & Strack, F. (2014). What are the Types of Replication Studies? acrimony and suspicion about the "replication police" (Gilbert, 2014) and "negative psychology" (Coan, 2014) with public shaming of authors whose work is found not to replicate. I define replication fairly broadly, but attempt to not simply offer a history of psychology in its entirety. Direct: Experimental Psychology (Camerer et al., 2018) e1-e7. 2. pp. The lack of replication in psychology is systemic and widespread, and particularly the bias against publishing direct replications. A replication-plus-extension study repeats the original study and introduces new participant variables, situations, or independent variable levels -Replication projects coordinate lanes around the world to conduct direct replication studies of between one and several psychological studies at a time -A meta-analysis collect and mathematically . What is Replication? Direct replication is. There are different types of replication. Although replication is a central tenet of science, direct replications are rare in psychology. As a result, it is becoming more and more common (a) to preregister one's own hypotheses and analysis plan online and (b) to conduct direct replications of one's own studies. In this commentary, I discuss the problematic implications of some of their assumptions and argue that direct replication by multiple laboratories is the only way to verify the reliability of an effect. The 1998 study, led by Roy Baumestier from Case Western University, provided evidence for something called ego depletion, which is the idea that our willpower can be worn down over time. It means that exactly same equipment, material, stimuli, design and statistical analysis should be used. Instead, I have focused on famous replication controversies from the past alongside the development of psychology's favored research methods. In the winter of 2016 at the largest annual gathering of social psychologists in the world, my collaborators and I were awarded one of the top prizes of the field for a paper we wrote presenting new ideas on the psychology of willpower. Thus, a direct replication had little value. the process of repeating a study with different data under similar conditions, or of conducting several different studies with the same data. In this direct replication (n = 72), participants wrote a statement claiming they had… 4, page 3 of 13 be that researchers strive to execute and publish 1 inde-pendent direct replication (of another researcher's finding) for every 4 (first-author) original studies they publish per year. PSYCHOLOGY Estimating the reproducibilityof psychological science . Although attempts at direct replication in psychology have become more frequent, replication is still not widely accepted (Makel et al., 2012; Martin & Clarke, 2017). In order for psychology to become more self-correcting (Jussim et al., 2016), we encourage researchers to test and publish replications of their past work. a School of Psychology, Université d'Ottawa Abstract The Quantitative Methods for Psychology journal begins the publication of replication studies. 2021 ; Vol. External validity says that study results can be replicated and generalized to the world. The dialogue around replication ignited in 2015 when Brian Nosek's lab reported that after replicating 100 studies from three psychology journals, researchers were unable to reproduce a large portion of findings. direct replication researchers repeat an original study as closely as they can to see whether the effect is the same in the newly collected data. studies published in three psychology journals using high-powered designs and original. Direct replication is certainly an important part of the process, but if we rely solely on reproducing the same result over and over again then we run the risk of making the same mistakes over and over . This inability toreplicate previously published results, however, is not limited to psychology . the value of direct replication by other laboratories. This replication attempt, unlike most of the earlier ones (for a discussion see ), was very close to a direct replication (see Methods for the exceptions). Two of the articles in this special section question the value of direct replication by other laboratories. One can also make iterative modifications to the materials across research sites, assessing mediating states each time, in an effort to achieve psychological rather than methodological equivalence ( Fabrigar, Wegener, & Petty . g) Let's tie this concept back to the "replication crisis" (or, as some are now calling it, "credibility revolution"*). LeBel: A New Replication Norm for Psychology Art. Some have even suggested that replication is . A direct replication of Cialdini et al.'s (1975) classic door-in-the-face technique. In the aggregate, 10 effects replicated consistently. The 1988 study concluded that our facial expressions can influence our mood - so the more we smile, the happier we'll be, and vice versa.. Another reason might be that the replication study used a small sample. Direct replication studies cannot duplicate the original study in every single detail. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
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